Final Report – WHITEX

Winter Haze Intensive Tracer Experiment

Principal Authors: William Malm¹, Kristi Gebhart¹, Douglas Latimer², Thomas Cahill³, Robert Eldred³,

Roger Pielke⁴, Roger Stocker⁴, John Watson⁵

Click on the title below to view PDF files of these documents:

Cover Pages

Chapter 1 – Introduction

Chapter 2 – Air Quality Climatology of the WHITEX Study Area

Chapter 3 – Optical, Particulate, SO2 and CD4 Measurements

Chapter 4 – Discussion of Data

4.1 – 4.2 Introduction and Temporal History of WHITEX Study Period

4.3 Temporal History of CD4 at Receptors

4.4 Statistical Summaries

4.5 Temporal History of Meteorological Data

4.6 Discussion of Data

Chapter 5 – Light Extinction Budgets

5.1 Assumptions and Data Analysis

5.2 Preliminary Data Analysis

5.3 Light Extinction Budget By Extinction Type

5.4 Extinction Budget By Species

5.5 – 5.6 Time Variations in the Light Extinction Budget and Comparison to Previous Studies at Grand Canyon

5.7 Summary

Chapter 6 – Attribution of Sulfur and Visibility Impairment

6.1- 6.2 Introduction and Emissions

6.3 Deposition and Transformation Rates

6.4 Analysis of Meteorological Conditions

6.5 Spatial and Temporal Trends in Sulfates

6.6 Assessment of Quantitative Attribution Techniques

6.6.1 Tracer Mass Balance Regression

6.6.2 Differential Mass Balance

6.6.3 Chemical Mass Balance

6.7 Attribution of Visibility Impairment

Contents

References

Chapter 7 – Deterministic Modeling (1977 kb)

Chapter 8 – Climate of Extreme Sulfur Episodes

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Extreme Sulfur Episodes During WHITEX

8.3 Extreme Sulfur Events During November 1986 – March 1987

8.4 – 8.6 High Sulfur Events During 1982 – 1986, Summary of Historic

Episodes and Overall Summary and Conclusions

Historic Weather Maps

Chapter 9 – Summary and Conclusions

Appendices

3A Description of Sample Collection and Analysis

3B Precision and Accuracy of CD4 and Measurement

3C Internal Accuracy and Precision of Particulate Data

3D Particulate Concentration Intercomparison

3E Precision and Accuracy of SO2 Measurements and Intercomparisons

3F Precision and Accuracy of Optical Measurements

3G Regression Plots

4A Disaggregation Procedures

6A General Mass Balance Model

6B Tracer Mass Balance Model Regression (TMBR) Model and Tracer Balance (TMB) Model

6C Differential Mass Balance Model

6D Chemical Mass Balance Receptor Model

6E Wind Vectors (1617 kb)

6F Upper Air Plots pages 1 – 20

6F Upper Air Plots Pages 21- 40

6F Upper Air Plots pages 41 – 61

6G Trajectories

6H Streaklines

8A Daily Weather Maps – WHITEX Time Period

8A Daily Weather Maps – Historic Weather Maps

Addendum

1.0 Review of the WHITEX Draft Report

2.0 Contents

2.1 Assumptions and Data Analysis Techniques

2.2 Preliminary Data Analysis

2.3 Light Extinction Budget by Extinction Type

2.4 Extinction Budget by Species

2.5 Time Variations in the Light Extinction Budget

2.6 – 2.7 Comparison to Previous Studies at Grand Canyon and Summary

3.0 Empirical Orthogonal Function Analysis of the Particulate Sulfate Concentrations Measured During WHITEX

4 .0 Application of a Differential Mass Balance Model to Attribute Sulfate Haze in the Southwest

5.0 Application of Tracer Mass Balance Regression to WHITEX Data

6.0 Survey of a Variety of Receptor Modeling Techniques

7.0 Relationship of Trends in Regional Sulfur Dioxide Emissions to ParticulateSulfate Concentrations in the Southwestern United States

¹National Parks Service
²Latimer & Associates
³University of California
⁴Colorado State University
⁵Desert Research Institute