Improve

IMPROVE Publications

IMPROVE data are used for a multitude of research efforts.  Listed here are just a few of the publications that use IMPROVE data.

Ames, R. B., and Kreidenweis, S. M. (1996), Optical Measurements of Aerosol Size Distributions in Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Particle Hygroscopicity and Its Impact on Visibility, C. S. U. Cooperative Institute for Research for the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, CO, ISSN 0737-5352-33.

Ames, R. B., and Malm, W. C. (2001), Chemical Species’ Contributions to the Upper Extremes of Aerosol Fine Mass, Atmos. Environ., 35(30), 5193-5204.

Ames, R. B., and Malm, W. C. (2001), Comparison of Sulfate and Nitrate Particle Mass Concentrations Measured by IMPROVE and the CDN, Atmos. Environ., 35(5), 905-916.

Aneja, V. P., Blunden, J., Roelle, P. A., Schlesinger, W. H., Knighton, R., Niyogi, D., Gilliam, W., Jennings, G., and Duke, C. S. (2008), Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality: State of the Science, Atmos. Environ., 42(14), 3195-3208.

Ansari, A. S., and Pandis, S. N. (2000), Water Absorption by Secondary Organic Aerosol and Its Effect on Inorganic Aerosol Behavior, Environmental Science & Technology, 34, 71-77.

Ashbaugh, L. L., and Eldred, R. A. (2004), Loss of Particle Nitrate from Teflon Sampling Filters: Effects on Measured Gravimetric Mass in California and in the IMPROVE Network, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 54(1), 93-104.

Bench, G., Fallon, S., Schichtel, B. A., Malm, W. C., and McDade, C. E. (2007), Relative Contributions of Fossil and Contemporary Carbon Sources to PM2.5 Aerosols at Nine Interagency Monitoring for Protection of Visual Environments (IMPROVE) Network Sites, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112(D10205), doi:10.1029/2006JD007708.

Chen, L.-W. A., Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., DuBois, D. W., and Herschberger, L. (2010), Chemical Mass Balance Source Apportionment for Combined PM2.5 Measurements from U.S. Non-Urban and Urban Long-Term Networks, Atmos. Environ., 44(38), 4908-4918.

Chen, L. W. A., Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., and Schichtel, B. A. (2012), Consistency of Long-Term Elemental Carbon Trends from Thermal and Optical Measurements in the IMPROVE Network, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 5(10), 2329-2338.

Chen, X., Day, D. E., Schichtel, B. A., Malm, W. C., Matzoll, A. K., Mojica, J., McDade, C. E., Hardison, E. D., Hardison, D. L., Walters, S., De Water, M. V., and Collett Jr., J. L. (2014), Seasonal Ambient Ammonia and Ammonium Concentrations in a Pilot IMPROVE NHx Monitoring Network in the Western United States, Atmos. Environ., 91, 118-126.

Chow, J. C., Bachmann, J. D., Wierman, S. S. G., Mathai, C. V., Malm, W. C., White, W. H., Mueller, P. K., Kumar, N., and Watson, J. G. (2002), Critical Review Discussion: Visibility: Science and Regulation, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 52, 973-999.

Chow, J. C., and Watson, J. G. (2002), PM2.5 Carbonate Concentrations at Regionally Representative IMPROVE Sites, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 107, (D21).

Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L. W. A., Arnott, W. P., and Moosmuller, H. (2004), Equivalence of Elemental Carbon by Thermal/Optical Reflectance and Transmittance with Different Temperature Protocols, Environmental Science & Technology, 38(16), 4414-4422, 10.1021/es034936u.

Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L. W. A., Chang, M. C. O., Robinson, N. F., Trimble, D., and Kohl, S. (2007), The IMPROVE-A temperature protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis: maintaining consistency with a long-term database, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 57(9), 1014-1023, 10.3155/1047-3289.57.9.1014.

Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L. W. A., Rice, J., and Frank, N. H. (2010), Quantification of PM2.5 Organic Carbon Sampling Artifacts in US Networks, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10(12), 5223-5239.

Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Crow, D., Lowenthal, D. H., and Merrifield, T. (2001), Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements, Aerosol Science and Technology, 34(1), 23-34.

Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Robles, J., Wang, X. L., Chen, L.-W. A., Trimble, D. L., Kohl, S. D., Tropp, R. J., and Fung, K. K. (2011), Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Thermal/Optical Analysis of Aerosol Samples for Organic and Elemental Carbon, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 401(10), 3141-3152.

Christensen, J. N., Weiss-Penzias, P., Fine, R., McDade, C. E., Trzepla, K., Brown, S. T., and Gustin, M. S. (2015), Unraveling the Sources of Ground Level Ozone in the Intermountain Western United States Using Pb Isotopes, Science of the Total Environment, 530, 519-525, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.054.

Copeland, S. A. (2005), A Statistical Analysis of Visibility-Impairing Particles in Federal Class I Areas, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 55, 1621-1635.

Davis, S. C., Hessl, A. E., and Thomas, R. B. (2008), A Modified Nitrogen Budget for Temperate Deciduous Forests in an Advanced Stage of Nitrogen Saturation, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 22(4).

Debell, L. J., Gebhart, K. A., Hand, J. L., Malm, W. C., Pitchford, M. L., Schichtel, B. A., and White, W. H. (2006), Spatial and Seasonal Patterns and Temporal Variability of Haze and Its Constituents in the United States, IMPROVE Report IV, C. S. U. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, CO, ISSN 0737-5353-74.

Debell, L. J., Talbot, R. W., Dibb, J. E., Munger, J. W., Fischer, E. V., and Frolking, S. E. (2004), A Major Regional Air Pollution Event in the Northeastern United States Caused by Extensive Forest Fires in Quebec, Canada, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 109(D19), Art. No. D19305.

Dillner, A. M., and Takahama, S. (2015), Predicting Ambient Aerosol Thermal Optical Reflectance (TOR) Measurements from Infrared Spectra:  Elemental Carbon, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8(10), 4013-4023.

Dillner, A. M., and Takahama, S. (2015), Predicting Ambient Aerosol Thermal Optical Reflectance (TOR) Measurements from Infrared Spectra: Organic Carbon, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 8, 1097-1109.

El-Zanan, H. S., Lowenthal, D. H., Zielinska, B., Chow, J. C., and Kumar, N. (2005), Determination of the Organic Aerosol Mass to Organic Carbon Ratio in IMPROVE Samples, Chemosphere, 60(4), 485-496, 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.005.

Eldred, R. A. (1997), Comparison of Selenium and Sulfur at Remote Sites Throughout the United States, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 47(2), 204-211.

Eldred, R. A., Cahill, T. A., and Flocchini, R. G. (1997), Composition of PM2.5 and PM10 Aerosols in the IMPROVE Network, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 47, 194-203.

EPA, U. S. (1999), Visibility Monitoring Guidance, E. P. A. O. o. A. Q. P. a. Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, EPA-454/R-99-003.

Frank, N. H. (2006), Retained Nitrate, Hydrated Sulfates, and Carbonaceous Mass in Federal Reference Method Fine Particulate Matter for Six Eastern US Cities, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56(4), 500-511.

Gebhart, K.A., Day, D.E., Prenni, A.J., Schichtel, B.A., Hand, J.L., Evanoski-Cole, A.R. (2018), Visibility impacts at Class I areas near the Bakken oil and gas development.  Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 68, 477-493.

George, K. M., Ruthenburg, T. C., Smith, J., Yu, L., Zhang, Q., Anastasio, C., and Dillner, A. M. (2015), FT-IR Quantification of the Carbonyl Functional Group in Aqueous-Phase Secondary Organic Aerosol from Phenols, Atmos. Environ., 100, 230-237.

Hand, J.L., Ames, R.B., Kreidenweis, S.M., Day, D.E., Malm, W.C. (2000), Estimates of particle hygroscopicity during the Southeastern Aerosol and Visibility Study, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 50, 677-685.

Hand, J. L., Copeland, S. A., Day, D. E., Dillner, A. M., Indresand, H., Malm, W. C., McDade, C. E., Moore, C. T., Jr., Pitchford, M. L., Schichtel, B. A., and Watson, J. G. (2011), Spatial and Seasonal Patterns and Temporal Variability of Haze and Its Constituents in the United States, IMPROVE Report V, C. S. U. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, Colorado, ISSN 0737-5352-97.

Hand, J.L., Gebhart, K.A., Schichtel, B.A., Malm, W.C. (2012), Increasing trends in wintertime particulate sulfate and nitrate ion concentrations in the Great Plains of the United States (2000-2010), Atmospheric Environment 55, 107-110.

Hand, J. L., Gill, T. E., and Schichtel, B. A. (2017), Spatial and Seasonal Variability in Fine Mineral Dust and Coarse Aerosol Mass at Remote Sites Across the United States, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122(5), 3080-3097, 10.1002/2016jd026290.

Hand, J. L., and Malm, W. C. (2006), Review of the IMPROVE Equation for Estimating Ambient Light Extinction Coefficients, C. S. U. Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, CO, ISSN 0737-5352-71.

Hand, J.L., Malm, W.C. (2007), Review of aerosol mass scattering efficiencies from ground-based measurements since 1990. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 112.

Hand, J. L., Prenni, A. J., Schichtel, B. A., Malm, W. C., and Chow, J. C. (2019), Trends in Remote PM2.5 Residual Mass across the United States: Implications for Aerosol Mass Reconstruction in the IMPROVE Network, Atmos. Environ., 203, 141-152, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.01.049.

Hand, J. L., Schichtel, B. A., Malm, W. C., Copeland, S., Molenar, J. V., Frank, N., and Pitchford, M. (2014), Widespread Reductions in Haze across the United States from the Early 1990s through 2011, Atmos. Environ., 94(671), 679.

Hand, J. L., Schichtel, B. A., Malm, W. C., and Pitchford, M. L. (2012), Particulate sulfate ion concentration and SO2 emission trends in the United States from the early 1990s through 2010, Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 12, 10353-10365, doi:10.5194/acp-12-10353-2012.

Hand, J.L., Schichtel, B.A., Malm, W.C., Frank, N.H. (2013), Spatial and Temporal Trends in PM2.5 Organic and Elemental Carbon across the United States Advances in Meteorology.

Hand, J.L., Schichtel, B.A., Pitchford, M., Malm, W.C., Frank, N.H. (2012), Seasonal composition of remote and urban fine particulate matter in the United States. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 117.

Horvath, H. (1997), Comparison of the Light Absorption Coefficient and Carbon Measures for Remote Aerosols: An Independent Analysis of Data Form the IMPROVE Network I and II: Discussion, Atmos. Environ., 30, 2885-2887.

Huffman, H. D. (1996), Comparison of the Light Absorption Coefficient and Carbon Measures for Remote Aerosols: An Independent Analysis of Data from the IMPROVE Network – I.  Atmos. Environ., 30(1), 73-83.

Huffman, H. D. (1996), The Reconstruction of Aerosol Light Absorption by Particle Measurements at Remote Sites: An Independent Analysis of Data from the IMPROVE Network – II, Atmos. Environ., 30(1), 85-99.

Hyslop, N. P., Trzepla, K., and White, W. H. (2015), Assessing the Suitability of Historical PM2.5 Element Measurements for Trend Analysis, Environmental Science & Technology, 49(15), 9247-9255, 10.1021/acs.est.5b01572.

Hyslop, N. P., Trzepla, K. T., Wallis, C. D., Matzoll, A. M., and White, W. H. (201b), Technical Note: A 23-Year Record of Twice-Weekly Aerosol Composition Measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory, Atmos. Environ., 80, 259-263.

Hyslop, N. P., and White, W. H. (2008), An evaluation of interagency monitoring of protected visual environments (IMPROVE) collocated precision and uncertainty estimates, Atmos. Environ., 42(11), 2691-2705, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.053.

Hyslop, N. P., and White, W. H. (2011), Identifying Sources of Uncertainty from the Inter-Species Covariance of Measurement Errors, Environmental Sceince & Technology, 45, 4030-4037.

Indresand, H., White, W. H., Trzepla, K., and Dillner, A. M. (2013), Preparation of Sulfur Reference Materials That Reproduce Atmospheric Particulate Matter Sample Characteristics for Xrf Calibration, X-Ray Spectroscopy.

Kumar, N., and Ryan, P. A. (2004), Review of the US Environmental Protection Agency Default Implementation Guideline for the Regional Haze Rule, I. Sonoma Technology, Petaluma, CA.

Kuzmiakova, A., Dillner, A. M., and Takahama, S. (2016), An Automated Baseline Correction Protocol for Infrared Spectra of Atmospheric Aerosols Collected on Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) Filters, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(6), 2615-2631, 10.5194/amt-9-2615-2016.

Lavery, T. F., Rogers, C. M., Baumgardner, R., and Mishoe, K. P. (2009), Intercomparison of Clean Air Status and Trends Network Nitrate and Nitric Acid Measurements with Data from Other Monitoring Programs, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59(2), 214-226.

Levin, E. J. T., Kreidenweis, S. M., McMeeking, G. R., Carrico, C. M., Collett, J. L., Jr., and Malm, W. C. (2009), Aerosol Physical, Chemical and Optical Properties During the Rocky Mountain Airborne Nitrogen and Sulfur Study, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1932-1939.

Lowenthal, D., and Kumar, N. (2006), Light scattering from sea-salt aerosols at Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) sites, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 56(5), 636-642, 10.1080/10473289.2006.10464478.

Lowenthal, D., Zielinska, B., Samburova, V., Collins, D., Taylor, N., and Kumar, N. (2015), Evaluation of assumptions for estimating chemical light extinction at US national parks, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65(3), 249-260, 10.1080/10962247.2014.986307.

Lowenthal, D. H., and Kumar, N. (2003), PM2.5 mass and light extinction reconstruction in IMPROVE, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 53(9), 1109-1120, 10.1080/10473289.2003.10466264.

Malm, W. C., Day, D., Carrico, C. M., Kreidenweis, S. M., Collett, J., McMeeking, G., Lee, T., and Carrillo, J. (2005), Intercomparison and Closure Calculations Using Measurements of Aerosol Species and Optical Properties During the Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study., Journal of Geophysical Research, 110(D14302), doi:10.1029/2004JD005494.

Malm, W. C., and Day, D. E. (2000), Optical Properties of Aerosols at Grand Canyon National Park, Atmos. Environ., 34(20), 3373-3391.

Malm, W.C., Day, D.E. (2001). Estimates of aerosol species scattering characteristics as a function of relative humidity, Atmospheric Environment, 35, 2845-2860.

Malm, W.C., Day, D.E., Kreidenweis, S.M., Collett, J.L., Carrico, C., McMeeking, G., Lee, T. (2005), Hygroscopic properties of an organic-laden aerosol, Atmospheric Environment, 39, 4969-4982.

Malm, W.C., Day, D.E., Kreidenweis, S.M., Collett, J.L., Lee, T. (2003), Humidity-dependent optical properties of fine particles during the Big Bend regional aerosol and visibility observational study, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 108.

Malm, W. C., and Hand, J. L. (2007), An Examination of Aerosol Physical and Optical Properties of Aerosols Collected in the IMPROVE Program, Atmos. Environ., 41, 3407-3427, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.012.

Malm, W. C., Schichtel, B. A., Ames, R. B., and Gebhart, K. A. (2002), A Ten-Year Spatial and Temporal Trend of Sulfate across the United States, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(D22), doi:10.1029/2002JD002107.

Malm, W.C., Schichtel, B.A., Barna, M.G., Gebhart, K.A., Rodriguez, M.A., Collett, J.L., Carrico, C.M., Benedict, K.B., Prenni, A.J., Kreidenweis, S.M. (2013) Aerosol species concentrations and source apportionment of ammonia at Rocky Mountain National Park, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 63, 1245-1263.

Malm, W.C., Schichtel, B.A., Hand, J.L., Collett, J.L. (2017), Concurrent temporal and spatial trends in sulfate and organic mass concentrations measured in the IMPROVE monitoring program, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 122, 10341-10355.

Malm, W.C., Schichtel, B.A., Pitchford, M.L. (2011), Uncertainties in PM2.5 gravimetric and speciation measurements and what we can learn from them, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 61, 1131-1149.

Malm, W.C., Sisler, J.F., Huffman, D., Eldred, R.A., Cahill, T.A. (1994), Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentrationand optical extinction in the United States, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 99, 1347-1370.

McDade, C. E., Dillner, A. M., and Indresand, H. (2009), Particulate Matter Sample Deposit Geometry and Effective Filter Face Velocities, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59, 1045-1048.

McDonald-Buller, E., Wiedinmyer, C., Kimura, Y., and Allen, D. (2001), Effects of Land Use Data on Dry Deposition in a Regional Photochemical Model for Eastern Texas, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 51(8), 1211-1218.

Murphy, D. M., Chow, J. C., Leibensperger, E. M., Malm, W. C., Pitchford, M., Schichtel, B. A., Watson, J. G., and White, W. H. (2011), Decreases in Elemental Carbon and Fine Particle Mass in the United States, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(10), 4679-4686.

Neff, J. C., Reynolds, R. L., Munson, S. M., Fernandez, D., and Belnap, J. (2013), The Role of Dust Storms in Total Atmospheric Particle Concentrations at Two Sites in the Western U.S., Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 118, 1-12, doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50855.

Patterson, P., Iyer, H., and Malm, W. C. (1999), A Statistical Simulation Study to Evaluate the Sensitivity of Monitoring Programs to Reductions in Atmospheric Sulfates: A Preliminary Report, C. S. U. Cooperative Institute for Research for the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, Colorado, ISSN No.0737-5352-44.

Patterson, P., Iyer, H., and Malm, W. C. (1999), Temporal Trends in Clear and Hazy Days in Nonurban United States, C. S. U. Cooperative Institute for Research for the Atmosphere, Fort Collins, Colorado, ISSN 0737 5352 42.

Pitchford, M. L., and Green, M. (1997), Analyses of Sulfur Aerosol Size Distributions for a Forty-Day Period in Summer 1992 at Meadview, Arizona, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 47(2), 136-146.

Pitchford, M. L., Malm, W. C., Schichtel, B. A., Kumar, N., Lowenthal, D., and Hand, J. L. (2007), Revised Algorithm for Estimating Light Extinction from IMPROVE Particle Speciation Data, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 57, 1326-1336, 10.3155/1047-3289.57.11.1326.

Pitchford, M. L., Poirot, R. L., Schichtel, B. A., and Malm, W. C. (2009), Characterization of the Winter Midwestern Particulate Nitrate Bulge, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59(9), 1061-1069.

Prenni, A.J., Day, D.E., Evanoski-Cole, A.R., Sive, B.C., Hecobian, A., Zhou, Y., Gebhart, K.A., Hand, J.L., Sullivan, A.P., Li, Y., Schurman, M.I., Desyaterik, Y., Malm, W.C., Collett, J.L., Schichtel, B.A. (2016), Oil and gas impacts on air quality in federal lands in the Bakken region: an overview of the Bakken Air Quality Study and first results. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 1401-1416.

Pryor, S. C., Simpson, R., Guise-Bagley, L., Hoff, R., and Sakiyama, S. (1997), Visibility and Aerosol Composition in the Fraser Valley During REVEAL, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 47(2), 147-156.

Reggente, M., Dillner, A. M., and Takahama, S. (2016), Predicting Ambient Aerosol Thermal-Optical Reflectance (TOR) Measurements from Infrared Spectra: Extending the Predictions to Different Years and Different Sites, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(2), 441-454, 10.5194/amt-9-441-2016.

Richards, L. W. (1999), Use of the Deciview Haze Index as an Indicator for Regional Haze, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 49, 1230-1237.

Ruthenburg, T. C., Perlin, P. C., Liu, V., McDade, C. E., and Dillner, A. M. (2014), Determination of organic matter and organic matter to organic carbon ratios by infrared spectroscopy with application to selected sites in the IMPROVE network, Atmos. Environ., 86, 47-57, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.034.

Schichtel, B. A., Hand, J. L., Barna, M. G., Gebhart, K. A., Copeland, S., Vimont, J., and Malm, W. C. (2017), Origin of Fine Particulate Carbon in the Rural United States, Environmental Science & Technology, 51(17), 9846–9855, 10.1021/acs.est.7b00645.

Schichtel, B. A., Malm, W. C., Bench, G., Fallon, S., McDade, C. E., Chow, J. C., and Watson, J. G. (2008), Fossil and Contemporary Fine Particulate Carbon Fractions at 12 Rural and Urban Sites in the United States, Journal of Geophysical Research, 113(D02311), doi:10.1029/2007JD008605.

Schmid, H., Laskus, L., Abraham, H. J., Baltensperger, U., Lavanchy, V., Bizjak, M., Burba, P., Cachier, H., Crow, D., Chow, J., Gnauk, T., Even, A., tenBrink, H. M., Giesen, K. P., Hitzenberger, R., Hueglin, C., Maenhaut, W., Pio, C., Carvalho, A., Putaud, J. P., Toom-Sauntry, D., and Puxbaum, H. (2001), Results of the “Carbon Conference” International Aerosol Carbon Round Robin Test Stage I, Atmos. Environ., 35(12), 2111-2121.

Schurman, M. I., Lee, T., Desyaterik, Y., Schichtel, B. A., Kreidenweis, S. M., and Collett Jr., J. L. (2015), Transport, Biomass Burning, and in-Situ Formation Contribute to Fine Particle Concentrations at a Remote Site near Grand Teton National Park, Atmos. Environ., 112, 257-268, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.04.043.

Simon, H., Bhave, P. V., Swall, J. L., Frank, N. H., and Malm, W. C. (2011), Determining the spatial and seasonal variability in OM/OC ratios across the US using multiple regression, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(6), 2933-2949, 10.5194/acp-11-2933-2011.

Sisler, J. F., and Malm, W. C. (2000), Interpretation of Trends of PM2.5 & Reconstructed Visibility from the IMPROVE Network, JAWMA, 50(5), 775-789.

Solomon, P. A., Crumpler, D., Flanagan, J. B., Jayanty, R. K. M., Rickman, E. E., and McDade, C. E. (2014), US National PM2.5 Chemical Speciation Monitoring Networks-CSN and IMPROVE: Description of networks, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 64(12), 1410-1438, 10.1080/10962247.2014.956904.

Spada, N. J., Cheng, X., White, W. H., and Hyslop, N. P. (2018), Decreasing Vanadium Footprint of Bunker Fuel Emissions, Environmental Science & Technology, 52(20), 11528-11534, DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02942.

Spada, N. J., and Hyslop, N. P. (2018), Comparison of elemental and organic carbon measurements between IMPROVE and CSN before and after method transitions, Atmos. Environ., 178, 173-180, 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.043.

Sturtz, T. M., Schichtel, B. A., and Larson, T. V. (2014), Coupling Chemical Transport Model Source Attributions with Positive Matrix Factorization:  Application to Two IMPROVE Sites Impacted by Wildfires, Environmental Science and Technology, 48(19), 11389-11396, 10.1021/es502749r.

Sturtz, T. M., Schichtel, B. A., and Larson, T. V. (2015), Coupling Chemical Transport Model Source Attributions with Positive Matrix Factorization:  Application to Two IMPROVE Sites Impacted by Wildfires (Correction), Environmental Science and Technology, 48(21), 13021-12021, 10.1021/es504856e.

Takahama, S., and Dillner, A. M. (2015), Model Selection for Partial Least Squares Calibration and Implications for Analysis of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Samples with Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy, Journal of Chemometrics, 29(12), 659-668, 10.1002/cem.2761.

Takahama, S., Ruggeri, G., and Dillner, A. M. (2016), Analysis of Functional Groups in Atmospheric Aerosols by Infrared Spectroscopy: sparse methods for statistical selection of relevant absorption bands, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 9(7), 3429-3454, 10.5194/amt-9-3429-2016.

Thompson, T. M., Rodriguez, M. A., Barna, M. G., Gebhart, K. A., Hand, J. L., Day, D. E., Malm, W. C., Benedict, K. B., Collett, J. L., Jr., and Schichtel, B. A. (2015), Rocky Mountain National Park Reduced Nitrogen Source Apportionment, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 120(9), 4370-4384, 10.1002/2014JD022675.

Turpin, B. J., Saxena, P., Allen, G., Koutrakis, P., McMurry, P., and Hildemann, L. (1997), Characterization of the Southwestern Desert Aerosol, Meadview, AZ, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 47(3), 344-356.

Watson, J. G., and Chow, J. C. (2002), Comparison and Evaluation of in-Situ and Filter Carbon Measurements at the Fresno Supersite, Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 107(D21).

Watson, J. G., Chow, J. C., Chen, L. W. A., and Frank, N. H. (2009), Methods to Assess Carbonaceous Aerosol Sampling Artifacts for IMPROVE and Other Long-Term Networks, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 59(8), 898-911, 10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.898.

Weakley, A. T., Takahama, S., and Dillner, A. M. (2016), Ambient Aerosol Composition by Infrared Spectroscopy and Partial Least-Squares in the Chemical Speciation Network: Organic Carbon with Functional Group Identification, Aerosol Science and Technology, 50(10), 1096-1114, 10.1080/02786826.2016.1217389.

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